2020年成人高考專升本《英語》大綱易考知識點匯總(八)
2020年成人高考專升本《英語》大綱易考知識點匯總(八)
1、不定冠詞的基本用法:
?、?泛指一個。如:There is a book on the table.
?、?指人或事物的某一種類。如:His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea.
?、?指某一個人或事物,但不具體說明。如:My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.
?、?用于某一些表示重量、長度、時間等單位前,表示“每一”。如:We have meals three times a
?、?表示同樣的。如:They are of an age.(他們是同歲。)
?、?表數量,相當于one,但語意較弱。如:There is a pen and two books on the desk.
?、?使抽象名詞具體化。如:The little girl is a help to her mother. (a hand譯"幫手")
?、?固定搭配。如:as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word ,have a good time, have a headache, a few, a great
many students, a lot of, go for a walk, have breakfast, make a decision .
2、定冠詞的基本用法:
?、?表示上文提到過的人或事物。如:I have bought a book. The book is very useful.
?、?用于說話人與聽話人心中都有數的人或事物。如:Close the window, please.
?、?用于表示世界上獨一無二的事物前。如:the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。
?、?用于表示方位的名詞之前。如:the east, the right.
?、?用于序數詞或形容詞的最高級之前。如:the first, the tallest.
?、?用于形容詞之前,使其名詞化。如:the sick, the wounded, the deaf, the dumb(啞巴),the rich.
?、?用于由普通名詞構成的專有名詞之前。如:the United States, the United Nation.
?、?用于江河、海洋、海峽、山脈、群島、建筑物等的名詞之前。如:the Changjiang River, the East Lake.
?、?用于復數姓氏之前,表示“夫婦”或“全家”。如:The Smiths
?、?用于樂器的名詞前。如:play the piano; play the violin.
?、?用于逢整十數詞的復數前,定冠詞有時可用于逢整十的復數數詞前,表示世紀中的年代。如:
He moved to the south in the fifties. 他于50年代搬到了南方。
The war broke out in the 1980s. 戰爭爆發于20世紀80年代。
?、?發明物,如:The compass was invented in China.
?、?年代名詞前,如:He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.
?、?固定詞組中,如:in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time
at the same time 同時 by the way 順便問一句
for the present 暫時 go to the cinema 看電影
in the end 最后 in the dark 在黑暗中,不知道
in the least 一點,絲毫 in the open 在野外
in the past 在過去 in the long run從長遠來看
in the event of 萬一 in the morning 在上午
in the way 擋道,礙事 on the whole總體上
on the other hand 另一方面 on the contrary相反地
out of the question不可能的
3、不用冠詞的情況:
?、?表示總稱的復數名詞之前。如:Children love cartoons.(兒童喜歡卡通影片。)
?、?不含普通名詞的專有名詞前。如:We are studying English.
?、?名詞前有指示代詞、物主代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格修飾時。如:I like this picture; I do not have
any money; As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.
?、?季節、月份、星期等名詞前,一般不用冠詞。如:She likes spring most.
?、?呼語前不用冠詞。如:What shall I do next, Mother?
?、?三餐飯前不用冠詞。如:What did you have for lunch?
?、?節假日前不用冠詞。如:People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.
?、?球類和棋類運動的名稱前不用冠詞。如:She is fond of playing basketball.
?、?在一些成對出現的短語中不用冠詞。如:arm in arm(手挽手); hand in hand(手牽手); side
by side(肩對肩); day and day(日日夜夜); young and old(老老少少); from door to door
(挨門挨戶); from beginning to end(從頭到尾); from morning till night(從早到晚)等。
(10) 某些用介詞 by 構成的表方式的短語通常用零冠詞:
?、?表示乘坐交通工具:
by bus 乘公共汽車 by bike (bicycle) 騎自行車
by plane / by air乘飛機 by ship (boat) 坐船
by land 走陸路 by sea 走海路
?、?表示用通訊或通信等方式:
by phone 用電話 by telegram 用電報
by letter 用信件 by post 用郵寄
by radio 用無線電 by hand 用手工
(11) 有些短語用零冠詞和定冠詞均可,只是含義不同:
out of question毫無疑問 out of the question不可能,不值得考慮的
keep house 料理家務 keep the house 呆在家里不外出
in charge of 負責,管理,主管 in the charge of 在…的管理(負責)之下
by day在白天 by the day按天計算
in case of以防 in the case of就……來說
in charge of負責,管理 in the charge of由……負責
in office執政 in the office在辦公室
in sight(of)看見 in the sight(of)在……看來
go to sea去當水手 go to the sea到海邊去
out of question毫無疑問 out of the question不可能
take advice征求意見 take the advice聽從勸告
be of age成年 be of all age同齡
go to church去做禮拜 go to the church去教堂
in prison坐牢 in the prison在監獄
特別提示:
當地點名詞表示地點時,其前用定冠詞;表示在這一地點所發生的活動時,其前不加冠詞。如:
He went to the bed and fetched me a magazine before he went to bed,他睡覺前到床邊給我拿了本雜志。
典例:George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr.Anderson,but Lhe was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at church.
A./;the B.the;/ C.a;/ D./;a
【解析】 C不定冠詞用于表示星期的名詞前,泛指“某個星期幾”;at church表示“做禮拜”,at the church表示”在教堂”。故本題選C。
(12) 許多習語用零冠詞:
at night在夜里;at home在家;day after day 日復一日;by telephone打電話;in danger在危險中;on purpose故意地。
catch fire 著火 give way 讓路 lose heart 灰心
move house 搬家 send word 捎信 take place 發生
by chance 偶然 catch sight of 看見 make use of 利用
at day-break 在天亮時 before dawn 在天亮前
at dusk 在黃昏時 after sunset 在日落后
after sunrise 在日出前 towards dark 天快黑時
at midnight 在半夜 from dawn till dusk 從早到晚
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